Filter
Top Products
iEM3100 / iEM3200 / iEM3300 series user manual Power, energy and power factor
DOCA0005EN-04 107
Power and PF lead / lag
PF lead / lag summary
PF sign convention
The meter shows positive or negative power factor according to IEC standards.
PF sign in IEC
The meter correlates power factor sign (PF sign) with the direction of real power (P) flow.
• For positive real power (+P), the PF sign is positive (+).
• For negative real power (-P), the PF sign is negative (-).
Quadrant Current phase shift Load type PF lead / lag
Quadrant 1 Current lags voltage Inductive PF lag
Quadrant 2 Current leads voltage Capacitive PF lead
Quadrant 3 Current lags voltage Inductive PF lag
Quadrant 4 Current leads voltage Capacitive PF lead
+Q
(+kVAR)
-P
(-kW)
-Q
(-kVAR)
+P
(+kW)
P (+)
S
P (-)
S
P (+)
S
P (-)
S
Q (-)Q (-)
)+(Q)+(Q
Quadrant 3 Quadrant 4
PF lead
Quadrant 1
Quadrant 2
PF lag
PF lag
PF lead
+Q
(+kVAR)
-P
(-kW)
-Q
(-kVAR)
+P
(+kW)
P (+)
S
P (-)
S
P (+)
S
P (-)
S
Q (-)Q (-)
)+(Q)+(Q
Quadrant 3 Quadrant 4
PF sign +
Quadrant 1
Quadrant 2
PF sign +
PF sign -
PF sign -