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Table 2 — Water Quality Guidelines
LEGEND
*Heat exchanger materials considered are copper, cupronickel, 304 SS
(stainless steel), 316 SS, titanium.
†Closed recirculating system is identified by a closed pressurized piping
system.
**Recirculating open wells should observe the open recirculating design
considerations.
††If the concentration of these corrosives exceeds the maximum allowable
level, then the potential for serious corrosion problems exists.
Sulfides in the water quickly oxidize when exposed to air, requiring that no
agitation occur as the sample is taken. Unless tested immediately at the
site, the sample will require stabilization with a few drops of one Molar zinc
acetate solution, allowing accurate sulfide determination up to 24 hours
after sampling. A low pH and high alkalinity cause system problems, even
when both values are within ranges shown. The term pH refers to the acid-
ity, basicity, or neutrality of the water supply. Below 7.0, the water is consid-
ered to be acidic. Above 7.0, water is considered to be basic. Neutral water
contains a pH of 7.0.
To convert ppm to grains per gallon, divide by 17. Hardness in mg/l is
equivalent to ppm.
Table 3 — Metal Hose Minimum Bend Radii
Step 8 — Wire Field Power Supply
All field-installed wiring, including the electrical ground,
MUST comply with the National Electrical Code (NEC) as
well as applicable local codes. In addition, all field wiring must
CONDITION
HX
MATERIAL*
CLOSED RECIRCULATING† OPEN LOOP AND RECIRCULATING WELL**
Scaling Potential — Primary Measurement
Above the given limits, scaling is likely to occur. Scaling indexes should be calculated using the limits below.
pH/Calcium
Hardness Method
All N/A pH < 7.5 and Ca Hardness, <100 ppm
Index Limits for Probable Scaling Situations (Operation outside these limits is not recommended.)
Scaling indexes should be calculated at 150 F for direct use and HWG applications, and at 90 F for indirect HX use. A monitoring plan should be
implemented.
Ryznar Stability Index
All N/A
6.0 - 7.5
If >7.5 minimize steel pipe use.
Langelier Saturation Index
All N/A
–0.5 to +0.5
If <–0.5 minimize steel pipe use.
Based upon 150 F HWG and direct well, 85 F indirect well HX.
Iron Fouling
Iron Fe
2+
(Ferrous)
(Bacterial Iron Potential)
All N/A
<0.2 ppm (Ferrous)
If Fe
2+
(ferrous) >0.2 ppm with pH 6 - 8, O
2
<5 ppm check for iron bacteria.
Iron Fouling
All N/A
<0.5 ppm of Oxygen
Above this level deposition will occur.
Corrosion Prevention††
pH
All
6 - 8.5
Monitor/treat as needed.
6 - 8.5
Minimize steel pipe below 7 and no open tanks with pH <8.
Hydrogen Sulfide (H
2
S)
All N/A
<0.5 ppm
At H
2
S>0.2 ppm, avoid use of copper and cupronickel piping or HXs.
Rotten egg smell appears at 0.5 ppm level.
Copper alloy (bronze or brass) cast components are okay to <0.5 ppm.
Ammonia Ion as Hydroxide,
Chloride, Nitrate and Sulfate
Compounds
All N/A
<0.5 ppm
Maximum Chloride Levels Maximum allowable at maximum water temperature.
50 F (10 C)
75 F (24 C) 100 F (38 C)
Copper N/A
<20 ppm
NR NR
Cupronickel N/A <150 ppm
NR NR
304 SS N/A <400 ppm
<250 ppm <150 ppm
316 SS N/A <1000 ppm
<550 ppm <375 ppm
Titanium N/A >1000 ppm
>550 ppm >375 ppm
Erosion and Clogging
Particulate Size and Erosion
All
<10 ppm of particles and a
maximum velocity of 6 fps.
Filtered for maximum
800 micron size.
<10 ppm (<1 ppm “sandfree” for reinjection) of particles and a maximum velocity
of 6 fps. Filtered for maximum 800 micron size. Any particulate that is not
removed can potentially clog components.
Brackish
All N/A
Use cupronickel heat exchanger when concentrations of calcium or sodium chlo-
ride are greater than 125 ppm are present. (Seawater is approximately 25,000
ppm.)
HWG — Hot Water Generator
HX — Heat Exchanger
N/A — Design Limits Not Applicable Considering Recirculating
Potable Water
NR — Application Not Recommended
SS — Stainless Steel
HOSE DIAMETER (in.) MINIMUM BEND RADII (in.)
1
/
2
2
1
/
2
3
/
4
4
15
1
/
2
WARNING
To avoid possible injury or death due to electrical shock,
open the power supply disconnect switch and secure it in
an open position during installation.
CAUTION
Use only copper conductors for field-installed electrical
wiring. Unit terminals are not designed to accept other
types of conductors.
Rib Crimped
Length
(2 ft Length Standard)
Swivel
Brass
Fitting
Brass
Fitting
MPT
Fig. 14 — Supply/Return Hose Kit