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18 TRG-TRC011-EN
notes
Lithium bromide-and-water absorption chillers are classified by the firing
method—that is, how the primary generator is heated and whether it has a
single- or a multiple-effect generator. Indirect-fired chillers are heated with
steam or a hot liquid (such as water) that is typically supplied by an on-site
boiler or a local utility. It can also be heated by waste energy that is recovered
from the exhaust of a gas turbine or by some other heat recovery device. Direct-
fired chillers are heated via the combustion of fossil fuels. An absorption chiller
with a single generator is called a single-effect chiller. Multiple-effect chillers
have multiple generators.
Like vapor-compression water chillers, absorption chillers can also be classified
by the condensing method employed, either air-cooled or water-cooled.
Physical size limitations typically constrain air-cooled condensing to ammonia-
and-water absorption equipment that is applied in residential and small
commercial applications (3 to 5 tons [10 to18 kW]). Most large commercial
(20 to 1,500 tons [70 to 5,300 kW]) water-and-lithium bromide absorption
chillers employ water-cooled condensing with cooling towers, because of the
higher energy efficiency at design conditions.
period two
Figure 21
period two
Absorption Chiller Types