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In a 40-gallon water heater,
for example, water being
heated to recover after
usage will expand to about
40.60 gallons when the
desired temperature is
reached.
It expands! Reacting
to physical law, water
expands in volume as
its temperature rises.
In the "Good Old" days
Before the advent of
cross-connection control,
expanded water that
exceeded the capacity of
the water heater flowed
back to the city main,
where it easily dissipated.
It was "open" at the city
supply side of the system,
even though it was
"closed" on the system
side.
Cross connection
means "no return"
Today, with back flow
preventers, water meters
with check valves, and/or
pressure-reducing valves
without a bypass being
installed, expanded water
from a water heater
cannot return to the city
supply. It is now a closed
system, and expanded
water has no place to go.
COLD
WATER
SUPPLY
OPEN SYSTEM
When water is heated...